{"id":2319,"date":"2022-04-20T14:11:47","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T18:11:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgsdevdev\/?p=2319"},"modified":"2022-04-20T14:11:50","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T18:11:50","slug":"odd-14-vie-aquatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/life-below-water-fr\/odd-14-vie-aquatique\/?lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"ODD 14 : Vie aquatique"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group brand-block right red\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/839\/2021\/11\/Sapna-Sharma_Fall2021-24_cropped-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Photo:\u00a0<strong>Sapna Sharma<\/strong><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<p style=\"font-size:25px\"><strong><strong>La base de donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019eau douce aide les chercheurs du monde entier<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 le monde est confront\u00e9 aux cons\u00e9quences mondiales du changement climatique, l\u2019eau douce dans les lacs de la plan\u00e8te sera au centre des pr\u00e9occupations.\u202f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019eau des lacs repr\u00e9sente moins d\u2019un pour cent de l\u2019approvisionnement mondial en eau douce de surface, mais elle fournit des services \u00e9cosyst\u00e9miques essentiels, notamment en mati\u00e8re de consommation, de transport, d\u2019agriculture et de loisirs, en plus de constituer un habitat pour plus de 100&nbsp;000&nbsp;esp\u00e8ces d\u2019invert\u00e9br\u00e9s, d\u2019insectes, d\u2019animaux et de plantes. Cependant, les lacs d\u2019eau douce sont vuln\u00e9rables aux effets de l\u2019encrassement de l\u2019eau, de l\u2019enrichissement en nutriments et des modifications du climat et de l\u2019utilisation des terres, en raison de leur sensibilit\u00e9 aux changements environnementaux locaux et mondiaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour relever ce d\u00e9fi, des chercheurs de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 York travaillant dans le laboratoire de Sapna Sharma, professeure agr\u00e9g\u00e9e de biologie, ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une base de donn\u00e9es publique sur la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau d\u2019environ 12&nbsp;000&nbsp;lacs d\u2019eau douce dans le monde entier, qui aidera les scientifiques \u00e0 surveiller et \u00e0 g\u00e9rer la sant\u00e9 de ces lacs, entre autres. L\u2019\u00e9tude a permis de recueillir des donn\u00e9es dans 72&nbsp;pays, dont des centaines de lacs au Canada, et constitue un exemple de recherche innovante qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 un effet positif et de grande envergure sur les communaut\u00e9s du monde entier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;La cr\u00e9ation de cette base de donn\u00e9es est un exploit qui n\u2019est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement accompli que par de tr\u00e8s grandes \u00e9quipes disposant de millions de dollars, et non par un seul laboratoire disposant de quelques petites subventions. C\u2019est pourquoi je suis particuli\u00e8rement fi\u00e8re de cette recherche&nbsp;\u00bb, d\u00e9clare Mme&nbsp;Sharma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les chercheurs ont pass\u00e9 en revue 3&nbsp;322&nbsp;\u00e9tudes remontant jusqu\u2019aux ann\u00e9es&nbsp;1950, ainsi que des r\u00e9f\u00e9rentiels de donn\u00e9es en ligne afin de recueillir des informations sur les niveaux de chlorophylle, un marqueur couramment utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9terminer la sant\u00e9 des lacs et des \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes. La chlorophylle est un indicateur de la quantit\u00e9 de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et d\u2019algues dans les lacs, appel\u00e9e production primaire. Selon Mme&nbsp;Sharma, le r\u00e9chauffement des temp\u00e9ratures estivales et l\u2019augmentation du rayonnement solaire due \u00e0 la diminution de la couverture nuageuse contribuent \u00e0 une augmentation de la chlorophylle, tandis que l\u2019augmentation du nombre de temp\u00eates caus\u00e9e par le changement climatique contribue \u00e0 la d\u00e9gradation de la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab&nbsp;L\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine, le r\u00e9chauffement climatique, le ruissellement agricole et urbain et le phosphore provenant de l\u2019utilisation des terres peuvent tous augmenter le niveau de chlorophylle dans les lacs&nbsp;\u00bb, explique Alessandro Filazzola, chercheur postdoctoral et l\u2019un des responsables de l\u2019\u00e9tude. \u00ab&nbsp;La production primaire est surtout repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e par la quantit\u00e9 de chlorophylle dans le lac qui a un impact en cascade\u2026 Si la chlorophylle est trop faible, elle peut avoir des effets n\u00e9gatifs en cascade sur l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, tandis que si elle est trop importante, elle peut provoquer une abondance de la croissance des algues, ce qui n\u2019est pas toujours bon.&nbsp;\u00bb Selon Mme&nbsp;Sharma, la base de donn\u00e9es peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e pour mieux comprendre comment les niveaux de chlorophylle r\u00e9agissent aux changements environnementaux mondiaux. \u00ab&nbsp;Elle fournit des comparaisons de base aux gestionnaires de l\u2019environnement charg\u00e9s de maintenir la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019eau et la sant\u00e9 de nos lacs et des communaut\u00e9s qu\u2019ils soutiennent.&nbsp;\u00bb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"btn btn-primary btn-fixed-right shadow\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/unsdgs\/ideas\/\"><i class=\"fas fa-lightbulb\"><\/i> Submit an idea or story<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photo:\u00a0Sapna Sharma La base de donn\u00e9es sur l\u2019eau douce aide les chercheurs du monde entier \u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 le monde est confront\u00e9 aux cons\u00e9quences mondiales du changement climatique, l\u2019eau douce dans les lacs de la plan\u00e8te sera au centre des pr\u00e9occupations.\u202f L\u2019eau des lacs repr\u00e9sente moins d\u2019un pour cent de l\u2019approvisionnement mondial en eau douce [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":71,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[37,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2319","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-life-below-water-fr","category-news"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.0 - 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