{"id":13279,"date":"2023-05-16T12:46:27","date_gmt":"2023-05-16T16:46:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/?p=13279"},"modified":"2023-05-16T12:48:59","modified_gmt":"2023-05-16T16:48:59","slug":"racial-injustice-and-the-limits-of-reparative-policies-a-conversation-with-carmela-murdocca-interview-by-serena-aprile","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/2023\/05\/16\/racial-injustice-and-the-limits-of-reparative-policies-a-conversation-with-carmela-murdocca-interview-by-serena-aprile\/?lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019injustice raciale et les limites des politiques de r\u00e9paration : entretien avec Carmela Murdocca -Entrevue par Serena Aprile"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"577\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/508\/2023\/05\/Feminisms1-1024x577-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13257\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/508\/2023\/05\/Feminisms1-1024x577-1.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/508\/2023\/05\/Feminisms1-1024x577-1-400x225.png 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-media-text alignwide is-stacked-on-mobile\" style=\"grid-template-columns:22% auto\"><figure class=\"wp-block-media-text__media\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\" src=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/508\/2023\/05\/carmela-2-300x204-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-13275 size-full\"\/><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-media-text__content\">\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\"><strong><em>Carmela Murdocca<\/em><\/strong>\u202fest titulaire de la chaire de recherche de York en justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale et professeure au D\u00e9partement de sociologie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 York. Elle dirige les programmes d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en sociologie, en \u00e9tudes socio-juridiques et en pens\u00e9e sociale et politique. Ses recherches portent sur les intersections de la racialisation, de la criminalisation et des politiques sociales et juridiques de r\u00e9paration et de r\u00e9formation. Elle est agr\u00e9g\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure au Massey College de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Toronto. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 boursi\u00e8re Fulbright et visiteuse-stagiaire au Center for the ¿ì²¥ÊÓƵ of Law and Culture de la School of Law et au Center for Ethnicity and Race de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 Columbia. Ses recherches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 appuy\u00e9es par le Conseil de recherches en sciences humaines, par le Prix du doyen pour la distinction en mati\u00e8re de recherche sur la justice sociale et par la Commission du droit du Canada.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Votre travail se concentre sur l\u2019intersectionnalit\u00e9 de la racialisation et de la criminalisation dans les politiques sociales et juridiques au Canada, en particulier des personnes noires et autochtones. Qu\u2019est-ce qui vous a inspir\u00e9e \u00e0 choisir ce th\u00e8me difficile mais important comme point central de votre recherche?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Je m\u2019int\u00e9resse aux d\u00e9bats sur les possibilit\u00e9s et les limites de la r\u00e9paration de l\u2019injustice et de la violence raciales historiques et actuelles. Au cours des 40 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et plus, la tendance mondiale est \u00e0 la r\u00e9paration d\u2019injustices historiques au travers de pratiques de justice r\u00e9paratrice, notamment par la recherche de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, la r\u00e9paration, la justice r\u00e9paratrice, la r\u00e9formation, la comm\u00e9moration et la r\u00e9conciliation. Ces mesures de justice r\u00e9paratrice comprennent des excuses officielles, des enqu\u00eates publiques, des compensations financi\u00e8res, des comm\u00e9morations cr\u00e9atives et des commissions de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9conciliation. Depuis les ann\u00e9es 1990, on donne de plus en plus la priorit\u00e9 aux mesures de justice r\u00e9paratrice dans les r\u00e9formes de la justice p\u00e9nale, en partie \u00e0 cause des taux disproportionn\u00e9s d\u2019incarc\u00e9ration des Autochtones et des Noirs. Je me suis int\u00e9ress\u00e9e \u00e0 la \u00ab justice r\u00e9paratrice \u00bb dans le syst\u00e8me p\u00e9nal et \u00e0 la mani\u00e8re dont \u2014 \u00e0 cause de certaines fa\u00e7ons de penser \u2014 elle augmente la violence raciale dans l\u2019incarc\u00e9ration au lieu de la r\u00e9duire. J\u2019ai \u00e9t\u00e9 inspir\u00e9e \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la fa\u00e7on dont les r\u00e9formes lib\u00e9rales progressistes entretiennent le racisme et renforcent la violence \u00e9tatique anti-Noirs et anti-Autochtones. Au cours de mes recherches, je me suis efforc\u00e9e de traiter ces questions en me concentrant sur le double probl\u00e8me au Canada que constituent l\u2019inhumanit\u00e9 raciale du syst\u00e8me carc\u00e9ral et la politique de r\u00e9formation et de r\u00e9conciliation.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Il y a un peu plus de dix ans, dans votre article \u00ab From Incarceration to Restoration: National Responsibility, Gender and the Production of Cultural Difference \u00bb, ainsi que dans votre livre de 2013 <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ubcpress.ca\/to-right-historical-wrongs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>To Right Historical Wrongs<\/em>,<\/strong><\/a><strong> vous avez sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que l\u2019\u00c9tat canadien feint d\u2019assumer la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019incarc\u00e9ration excessive des peuples autochtones, et que le processus dans le cadre du syst\u00e8me juridique canadien l\u2019en d\u00e9charge. Les choses ont-elles chang\u00e9, d\u2019autant que nous avons eu, \u00e0 titre d\u2019exemple, la Commission de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 et r\u00e9conciliation en 2015 ainsi que la confirmation r\u00e9cente de l\u2019existence de cimeti\u00e8res d\u2019enfants autochtones sur les sites de pensionnats autochtones?<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">Nous devons vraiment nous interroger sur ce que signifient la responsabilit\u00e9 et l\u2019obligation de rendre compte. La pr\u00e9tendue focalisation nationale, gouvernementale et institutionnelle sur l\u2019obligation de rendre compte, la responsabilisation et m\u00eame, la r\u00e9conciliation n\u2019a gu\u00e8re contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire le racisme, la violence et la d\u00e9possession qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019\u00c9tat colonial racial. Au cours des 25 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, le taux d\u2019emprisonnement des Noirs et des Autochtones s\u2019est aggrav\u00e9 en d\u00e9pit des politiques et des lois \u00ab r\u00e9paratrices \u00bb qui feignent de s\u2019attaquer au probl\u00e8me de l\u2019incarc\u00e9ration. On doit consid\u00e9rer le racisme syst\u00e9mique comme une caract\u00e9ristique inh\u00e9rente du lib\u00e9ralisme plut\u00f4t que comme un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne social que la r\u00e9forme lib\u00e9rale peut rectifier. Dans ces conditions, nous devons examiner la fa\u00e7on dont la gouvernance raciale des peines violentes s\u2019articule avec l\u2019illusion offerte par le lib\u00e9ralisme progressiste. Quelle quantit\u00e9 de violence raciale et coloniale \u2014 incarn\u00e9e par l\u2019\u00c9tat carc\u00e9ral et mise en \u00e9vidence par les tombes anonymes d\u2019enfants autochtones \u2014 suffira \u00e0 remettre fondamentalement en question la d\u00e9possession raciale, coloniale et violente que maintient le lib\u00e9ralisme?\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Le 13 ao\u00fbt 2021, le gouvernement du Canada a publi\u00e9 un <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/fr\/ministere-justice\/nouvelles\/2021\/08\/appui-financier-du-gouvernement-du-canada-pour-les-evaluations-de-lincidence-de-lorigine-ethnique-et-culturelle-avant-limposition-de-la-peine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>communiqu\u00e9 de presse<\/strong><\/a><strong> indiquant que le Canada reconnaissait le r\u00f4le du racisme syst\u00e9mique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des Noirs et des personnes racialis\u00e9es dans le syst\u00e8me judiciaire et que les juges charg\u00e9s de la d\u00e9termination de la peine devront d\u00e9sormais en tenir compte avant le prononc\u00e9 de la sentence. Selon votre exp\u00e9rience dans ce domaine, croyez-vous qu\u2019il en r\u00e9sultera de v\u00e9ritables changements?\u202f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">R\u00e9cemment, on a examin\u00e9 les rapports pr\u00e9sentenciels au travers d\u2019une s\u00e9rie de d\u00e9cisions juridiques importantes et de commentaires du public, et d\u00e9cid\u00e9 que de meilleurs rapports pr\u00e9sentenciels devraient \u00eatre disponibles pour les Canadiens noirs impliqu\u00e9s dans un processus de justice p\u00e9nale. Dans ces cas, les juges ont examin\u00e9 la fa\u00e7on dont le racisme syst\u00e9mique et les d\u00e9savantages structurels \u2014 similaires \u00e0 ce \u00e0 quoi sont confront\u00e9s les Autochtones, mais sp\u00e9cifiques aux Canadiens noirs \u2014 ont affect\u00e9 la vie de certains accus\u00e9s noirs. Les \u00e9valuations de l\u2019incidence de l\u2019origine ethnique et culturelle (EIOEC) ou les rapports pr\u00e9sentenciels am\u00e9lior\u00e9s (<em>Enhanced Pre-Sentence Reports<\/em> [EPSR]) cherchent \u00e0 expliquer la fa\u00e7on dont les Noirs au Canada doivent subir un h\u00e9ritage d\u2019esclavage historique et de racisme anti-Noirs, du racisme syst\u00e9mique genr\u00e9, la suspicion et la surveillance, et la criminalisation. Cet examen des rapports pr\u00e9sentenciels s\u2019inscrit dans une tendance croissante de dossiers juridiques, de politiques et de r\u00e9ponses institutionnelles visant \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre officiellement le racisme syst\u00e9mique anti-Noirs. Je crains que, comme la reconnaissance des effets du colonialisme sur les Autochtones, la reconnaissance officielle croissante du racisme anti-Noirs ne se traduise par une abstraction de cette derni\u00e8re dans le paysage juridique, politique et institutionnel et que les exp\u00e9riences propres au racisme anti-Noirs ne se voient occulter.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>On vous a r\u00e9cemment nomm\u00e9e titulaire de la chaire de recherche de York en justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale, ce qui vous donne plus de temps pour poursuivre vos recherches et encadrer de nouvelles \u00e9quipes de recherche. Qu\u2019esp\u00e9rez-vous explorer et apprendre dans ce r\u00f4le? En tant qu\u2019intellectuelle active, comment esp\u00e9rez-vous susciter un changement social \u00e0 l\u2019aide de votre nouveau r\u00f4le et de vos recherches?\u202f<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-normal-font-size\">La chaire de recherche de York en justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale encourage la r\u00e9flexion critique et l\u2019exploration des histoires mondiales et locales de l\u2019injustice raciale et de la r\u00e9paration socio-juridique contemporaine. Elle a comme objectif de r\u00e9unir des \u00e9tudiantes et \u00e9tudiants de cycle sup\u00e9rieur, le corps professoral et des groupes de revendication communautaire int\u00e9ress\u00e9s par l\u2019analyse interdisciplinaire et l\u2019application de la justice r\u00e9paratrice quand on aborde des cas difficiles d\u2019injustice raciale. Au moment actuel, les ressources mises \u00e0 disposition par la chaire ont permis de r\u00e9unir un groupe de huit doctorants travaillant dans le cadre d\u2019une collaboration pour la justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale. Ces derniers traitent de questions concernant l\u2019impact de l\u2019incarc\u00e9ration, de la d\u00e9tention et de l\u2019expulsion sur les Noirs, les Autochtones et les personnes de couleur; les strat\u00e9gies discursives utilis\u00e9es dans les politiques populistes; le r\u00f4le de la m\u00e9moire et de la comm\u00e9moration dans la violence genr\u00e9e et sexuelle; et les limites et les possibilit\u00e9s socio-juridiques de la d\u00e9colonisation. Nous sommes en relation avec un large \u00e9ventail de groupes de revendication communautaires. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 nos initiatives et nos recherches \u00e0 venir, la collaboration pour la justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale servira de vecteur d\u2019exploration et de moyen de soutenir les activit\u00e9s de revendication et d\u2019activisme.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Serena Aprile est \u00e9tudiante en sociologie avec une sp\u00e9cialisation en fran\u00e7ais au campus Glendon de l'universit\u00e9 York.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carmela Murdocca\u202fest titulaire de la chaire de recherche de York en justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale et professeure au D\u00e9partement de sociologie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 York. Elle dirige les programmes d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en sociologie, en \u00e9tudes socio-juridiques et en pens\u00e9e sociale et politique. Ses recherches portent sur les intersections de la racialisation, de la criminalisation et des [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1579,"featured_media":13258,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_kad_blocks_custom_css":"","_kad_blocks_head_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_body_custom_js":"","_kad_blocks_footer_custom_js":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13279","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-recherche"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>L\u2019injustice raciale et les limites des politiques de r\u00e9paration : entretien avec Carmela Murdocca -Entrevue par Serena Aprile | Glendon Campus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/2023\/05\/16\/racial-injustice-and-the-limits-of-reparative-policies-a-conversation-with-carmela-murdocca-interview-by-serena-aprile\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"L\u2019injustice raciale et les limites des politiques de r\u00e9paration : entretien avec Carmela Murdocca -Entrevue par Serena Aprile | Glendon Campus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Carmela Murdocca\u202fest titulaire de la chaire de recherche de York en justice r\u00e9paratrice et raciale et professeure au D\u00e9partement de sociologie de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 York. Elle dirige les programmes d\u2019\u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures en sociologie, en \u00e9tudes socio-juridiques et en pens\u00e9e sociale et politique. Ses recherches portent sur les intersections de la racialisation, de la criminalisation et des [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/2023\/05\/16\/racial-injustice-and-the-limits-of-reparative-policies-a-conversation-with-carmela-murdocca-interview-by-serena-aprile\/?lang=fr\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Glendon Campus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/GlendonCampus\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-05-16T16:46:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-05-16T16:48:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.yorku.ca\/glendon\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/508\/2023\/05\/Feminisms1-1024x577-1.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1024\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"577\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta 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